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Professor at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) in Tunja, Boyacá, holds an M.A. in English Didactics from Universidad de Caldas. He belongs to the research group “TONGUE”. He currently teaches at the Modern Languages Teaching Program at UPTC. He was an ESL teacher in North Carolina and a Spanish language teacher in Virginia, USA.
jahir.aguirre@uptc.edu.co
Professor at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) in Tunja, Boyacá, holds a PhD in Education Sciences from UPTC, and an M.A. in Applied Linguistics for the Teaching of English from Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. She is the leader of the research group “TONGUE”. She currently teaches at the Modern Languages Teaching Program at UPTC, the M.A. in Language Teaching Program, and the Education Sciences Doctoral Program at the same university.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4468-1402
bertha.ramos@uptc.edu.co
Professor at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) in Tunja, Boyacá. She holds an M.A. in Applied Linguistics for the Teaching of English from Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. She belongs to the research group “AVE”. She currently teaches at the School of Languages, and the M.A. in Language Teaching Program at the UPTC.
ilba.rodriguez@uptc.edu.co
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................15
ELEMENT 1: HELPFUL TEACHING TERMINOLOGY-PART I................................19
Education.........................................................................................................................19
Pedagogy..........................................................................................................................20
Didactics...........................................................................................................................22
Curriculum......................................................................................................................23
Syllabus............................................................................................................................25
ELEMENT 2: HELPFUL TEACHING TERMINOLOGY-PART II..............................27
Approach..........................................................................................................................27
Method..............................................................................................................................28
Procedure........................................................................................................................29
Technique........................................................................................................................31
ELEMENT 3: FACTORS THAT AFFECT FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING (FLL)-PART I.............................37
Some Factors that Affect FLL..................................................................................37
Age......................................................................................................................................39
Language levels.............................................................................................................41
Individual Variations..................................................................................................42
ELEMENT 4: FACTORS THAT AFFECT FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING (FLL)-PART II..............................47
Learning Styles.............................................................................................................47
Learning Strategies.....................................................................................................49
Aptitude............................................................................................................................52
Tolerance of Ambiguity.............................................................................................52
ELEMENT 5: DEALING WITH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE.....................57
Terminology Related to Communicative Competence.................................57
Communicative Competence...................................................................................60
Main Components in Communicative Competence.......................................61
ELEMENT 6: UNDERSTANDING TEACHERS’ ROLES.............................................67
Factors that Affect the Roles Theachers Play..................................................68
Teachers’ Characteristics.........................................................................................73
ELEMENT 7: COLOMBIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE POLICIES................................79
Main Colombian National Policies........................................................................79
Political Constitution of Colombia........................................................................81
General Law of Education (Law 115 of 1994)..................................................83
National Bilingualism Program (NBP)...............................................................84
Basic Learning Rights and Suggested Curriculum........................................84
ELEMENT 8: TEACHING IN DIVERSE CONTEXTS...................................................89
Diversity...........................................................................................................................90
Some Principles to Teach in Diverse Contexts................................................95
ELEMENT 9: TEACHING IN RURAL CONTEXTS.......................................................99
Teaching in a Rural Context.....................................................................................99
Rural Education............................................................................................................101
Rurality.............................................................................................................................102
Ruralities.........................................................................................................................102
Rural School....................................................................................................................102
Multigrade.......................................................................................................................102
New School......................................................................................................................103
Active Pedagogy...........................................................................................................103
Rural Education Principles in Colombia.............................................................104
ELEMENT 10: THE IMPORTANCE OF REVIEWING AND REFLECTING.........109
Reviewing........................................................................................................................110
Reflecting........................................................................................................................111
REVIEWING AND REFLECTING ABOUT WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED..........114
CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................................................119
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................123
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